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The Making of a Scientist Questions and Answers Class 10
By– Robert W. Peterson
1. Which project did Albright submit in his eighth grade? Why did he win?
Ans. For his eighth grade project, he tried to find the cause of a viral disease that killed all monarch caterpillars every few years. He thought it all happened because of a hectic and tried raising caterpillars in the presence of beetles but he did not get any results, but he went ahead and showed his experiments and trials arid won a prize.
2.’Richard was the focus of his mother’s attention”. Compose a thesis on this.
Ans. Richard was three years old when he lost his father. Then he became the whole life of hi, mother, Ins mother was his only companion tint he started scout mythic brought home file tithe for in. At night they just did the things together. Ili-, mother encouraged his interest in learning. She took him on trips, bought loin telescopes. Cameras and their equipment-h that him other ways, It motives ho brought him the book ‘The rave Kit-larch X”. Thus lit let row focus of’ twig tether’ attention.
3. What made in light straight. A grade pit dint in it-hoot?
Ans. Ebright was tat lampion itchier and pubis types her and good comfits and all around outdoor person. He was an expert photographer of nature and stain tibia exhibit & had won many prizes in science fairs at the county level. He proved a lot of things about met/webs and other butterflies. He had already read the blueprint of DNA. All these made him straights. A grade student in school.
4. Comment on the role of Mr Weathered in Albright’s life,
Or
Who were the important people in Albright’s life? Why
Ans. Ebright’s mother who encouraged him as a child and Dr Frederick A. Urquhart O. had inspired him to study about butterflies were quite important in Albright’s life, Also, Ridded A Weathered, Albright’s Social Studies teacher opened Albright’s mind to new ideas and praised him for his handwork and indomitable spirit.
5. Why did Ebright lose interest in tagging butterflies?
Ans. Albright lost interest in tagging butterflies because it was a tedious work that did not provide much feedback.
6. Identify four values which Richard Ebright projected as a man of substance.
Ans. Ebright was not only a good scientist but also a keen observer. He was good sea champion debater and a public speaker. He was an expert photographer, particularly of woo and scientific exhibits.
7. Which project of Ebright won first prize in the county science fair?
Ans. Ebright didn’t win anything at his first science fair, thereby realizing that actual experiments alone worked. Later, he started winning prizes. Ebright with his scientist friend first built a device that showed that the tiny gold spots on a monarch pupa were producing a hormone necessary for the butterfly’s full development. This project won the first prize in the county science fair and third prize in zoology in the International science fair.
8. What all hobbies did Albright develop in kindergarten?
Ans. As a child, Ebright had a driving curiosity. He was interested in learning new things. He was good in studies and earned top grades in the class. He also collected rocks, fossils and coins. He became an eager astronomer too.
9. How did Richard’s mother help him to become a scientist?
Or
How did Ebright’s mother help in his learning?
Ans. Ebright had a driving curiosity and a bright brain — essential ingredients for becoming a scientist. His mother encouraged him to learn more. She exposed him to the world around him by taking him to trips, bought him books, telescope, microscope, cameras, mounting materials and other equipment, which helped him in his learning.
10.”Science shows a connection between structure and function.” Show this to be so, for the spots Albright saw on Monarch pupas.
Ans. Ebright grew cells from a monarch’s wing to show that cells could divide and develop into a normal butterfly wing scales only if they were fed with the hormones from the gold spots, Later, he identified the chemical structure of the hormone and found how cells can read the blueprints of its DNA.
11. How can Albright’s theory of cell life be a revolution in the medical field if it is proved correct?
Ans. Ebright identified the chemical structure of the gold spot hormone and found so cells can read the blueprint of its DNA. To further test his theory, he began doing experiments’ if it proves correct it will be a big step towards understanding the process of life. It might lead to new ideas for preventing some types of cancer and diseases.
12. What were the factors which contributed to making Ebright a scientist?
Or
What are the essential qualities for becoming a scientist, according to Albright’s teacher?
Ans. Sharp brain, d y observant, anal tic mind, driving curiosity, the keen interest in the subject and strong will for the right cause are some of the essentials for the making of a scientist. He should not run after prizes, have a competitive spirit but not in a bad sense.
13. What results are expected if Richard Ebright’s theory is proved correct?
Ans. If Richard Ebright’s theory proves to be correct, it will be a big step towards understanding the processes of life. It might lead to new ideas for preventing some types of cancer and other diseases.
14. Why did Richard Ebright tag a flock of butterflies?
Or
Why did Richard Ebright start a project of tagging the butterflies?
Ans. Once Ebright’s mother bought him a book .’The Travels of Monarch X’. At the end of the hook, the writer Dr A. Urquhart had invited the readers to help him in the study of butterfly migration by tagging them. So he started tagging the butterflies.
15. Describe Richard Ebright’s childhood.
Or
How did Ebright spend his time in Pennsylvania?
Ans. Ebright grew up north of Reading, Pennsylvania. He was the only child of his parents. His father died when he was in third grade. As a child, he was good in studies and also collected rocks, fossils and coins.
16. How did the hook become a turning point in Richard Ebright’s life?
Ans. Once his mother bought the book. ‘The Travels of Monarch X’. At the end of the book, Dr A. Urquhart had invited readers to help him study the migration of monarch butterflies by tagging them. This became a turning point in his life.
17. Mention any two of Ebright’s contributions to the world of science.
Ans. He carried experiments to prove successfully that hormone produced by the gold spots of a pupa is responsible for the growth and formation of butterfly-wings. He also discovered how a cell could read the blueprint of its DNA that controls heredity.
Q.18. To which field of science has Richard H. Ebright contributed? [H.B.S.E. March 2017 (Set-A)]
Ans. Richard H. Ebright is one of the leading scientists. He had been interested in science since his boyhood. He has contributed significantly to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Q.19. What were the hobbies of Ebright in his childhood?
Ans. Ebright’s hobby was collecting things. Ebright was fascinated by butterflies. He started collecting butterflies in kindergarten. He also collected rocks, fossils and coins. He also became a star-gazer and an eager astronomer.
Q20. How did Ebright’s mother help him in his hunger for learning?
Ans. Ebright’s mother would find work for Richie if he had nothing to do. She found learning tasks for him. He had a great hunger for learning. He earned top grades in school. By the time he was in second grade, he had collected 25 species of butterflies.
Q.21. Which book did Ebright’s mother give him? How did this book change his life?
Ans. One day Ebright’s mother gave him a children’s book. That book was ‘The Travels of Monarch X’. It described how monarch butterflies migrate to Central America. This book fascinated him. This book stimulated his interest in butterflies. He devoted his time to the study of butterflies and won many prizes. In this way, this book changed his life.
Q.22. What did Ebright realize when he started tagging butterflies?
Ans. Ebright started tagging monarch butterflies. He realized that chasing the butterflies one by one won’t enable him to each many. So he decided to raise a flock of butterflies.
Q.23. How did Ebright raise a flock of butterflies?
Ans. Ebright would catch a female monarch and take her eggs. He would raise them in his basement, from egg to caterpillar, to pupa to adult butterfly. Then he would tag the butterflies’ s’ ‘ and let them.
Q.24. Why did Ebright begin to lose interest in tagging butterflies?
Ans. Ebright began to lose interest in tagging butterflies. The reason was that there was no feedback. He was a little disappointed as only two butterflies had been recaptured. And they had been found not more than seventy-five miles from where he lived.
Q.25. What happened with Ebright when he entered a county science fair for the first time?
Ans. He entered a county science fair Ebright for the first time. His entries were slides of frog tissues. But he did not win any prize.
Q.26. What did Ebright realize when he did not win any prize in the county science fair?
Ans. He realised that the winners had tried to do real experiments. So he decided to do further research in his favourite field, that is, insects on which he had already been doing work.
Q.27. What happened when Ebright wrote to Dr Urquhart for ideas?
Ans. Ebright wrote to Dr Urquhart for ideas. In reply, the famous scientist gave him many suggestions for experiments. These experiments kept Ebright busy all through high school. He also won many prizes in the county and international science fairs.
Q.28. Why do the viceroy butterflies imitate the monarch butterflies?
Ans. In one of his science fair projects, he tested the theory that viceroy butterflies imitate monarchs. He reached the conclusion that viceroys look like monarchs because birds do not find monarchs tasty. They like to eat viceroy butterflies. By copying monarchs, the viceroys escape being eaten by birds.
Q.29. Which simple question led to the discovery of an unknown insect hormone?
Ans. In his second year in high school, Ebright’s research led to his discovery of an unknown insect hormone. Indirectly, it led to his new theory on the life of cells. He tried to answer a very simple question: “What is the purpose of the twelve tiny gold spots on a monarch pupa?’
Q.30. What did Ebright discover about the spots on a monarch butterfly’s pupa?
Ans. Ebright tried to find out that what was the purpose of the twelve tiny gold spots on a monarch butterfly’s pupa. To find the answer Ebright and another student built a device that showed that the spots were producing a hormone. It was necessary for the butterfly’s full development.
Q.31. What idea did Ebright get when he was looking at the X-ray photos of cells?
Ans. One day, Ebright was seeing the X-ray photos of the chemical structure of cells. He got the idea for his new theory about cell life. Those photos provided him with the answer to one of biology’s puzzles: how the cell can ‘read’ the blueprint of its DNA.
Q32. How did Richard Ebright excite the scientific world at the age of twenty-two?
Ans. Richard Ebright was just twenty-two when he ‘excited’ the scientific world with a new theory. It was on how cells worked. Ebright and his college room-mate explained the theory in an article in the ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Science’. It was the first time that this famous scientific journal had ever published the work of college students.
Q33. “… There was one thing I could do —collect things.” What did Richard Ebright do in his childhood?
Ans. Richard Ebright was the only child. “There wasn’t much could do there. But there was one thing I could do — collect things,” said he. So he did. While still in kindergarten, he started collecting butterflies. By the time he was in the second grade, he had collected all 25 species of butterflies found around his hometown. He also collected rocks, fossils and coins. He sometimes did star-gazing all night.
Q34. “Richie was my whole life after his father died …,” said Richard’s mother. Describe Richard Ebright’s relationship with his mother.
Ans. Richard was in third grade when his father died. He was her mother’s whole life and her only companion until he started school. She and Richard spent almost every evening at the dining table. She found work for him and Richard wanted to learn. His mother encouraged his interest in learning.
Q35.How did Richard Ebright’s mother be a source of inspiration and encouragement in his quest for learning?
Ans. Richard Ebright was fortunate enough to have a highly helping and encouraging mother. She compensated the early loss of his father. She encouraged his interest in learning. She took him on trips, bought him telescopes, microscopes, cameras, mounting materials and other equipment. She found work for him and helped him in learning things and in many other ways.
Q36. What book opened the world of science to the eager young collector, Richard Ebright?
Ans. Richard Ebright was fond of collecting things. By the time he was in the second grade, he had collected all twenty-five species of butterflies found around his hometown. But the book that opened the world of science to the eager young collector was The Travels of Monarch X. It was a children’s book gifted to him by his mother. The book described how monarch butterflies migrated to Central America.
Q37. Why and where did Richard Ebright send the tagged butterflies?
Ans. At the end of the book, The Travels of Monarch X, readers were invited to help study monarch butterflies’ migration. They were asked to tag butterflies for research by Dr Urquhart. Soon, Richard Ebright was attaching light adhesive tags to the wings of monarch butterflies. He used to send them to Dr Urquhart for his research work.
Q38. How did Ebright’s basement become home to thousands of monarch butterflies?
Ans. Richard Ebright used to send tagged monarch butterflies to Dr Urquhart for his research work. Chasing butterflies one by one was difficult and he couldn’t catch many. So, he decided to raise some of the butterflies in his basement. He would catch a monarch butterfly, take her eggs and raise them. Then, he would tag the butterflies’ wings and let them go. So, his basement became home to thousands of monarch butterflies.
Q39. When and how did Richard Ebright get a hint of what real science is?
Ans. Richard Ebright was in the seventh grade when he got a hint of what real science was. Actually, he entered a county science fair — and lost. He didn’t get anything while everybody else had won. It was a very sad feeling for young Ebright. His entry was slides of frog tissues. He showed them under a microscope. He realised that the winners had tried to do real experiments. On the other hand, he failed because he simply made a neat display.
Q40.Who was Dr Frederick A Urquhart? Why did Richard Ebright look to him for fresh ideas?
Ans. Dr Frederick A Urquhart was a scientist and teacher at the University of Toronto, Canada. He was doing research on butterfly migrations. Ebright sent him many tagged butterflies for his research work. Richard Ebright looked to him for fresh ideas and suggestions. Dr Urquhart sent many suggestions for experiments which helped Richard Ebright in winning many prizes in County and International Science Fairs.
Q41. Why do viceroy butterflies copy monarch butterflies? What reasons did Richard Ebright give in this regard?
Ans. One of Richard Ebright’s projects was to test the theory that viceroy butterflies copied monarch butterflies. Viceroys looked like monarchs becausemonarchs didn’t taste good to birds. Viceroy butterflies, on the other hand, tasted good to birds. So, they try to copy and look like them to protect themselves from birds.
Q42.Were twelve tiny gold spots on a monarch pupa just ornamental? What did Richard Ebright prove in this regard? What honours did this project bring to Richard Ebright?
Ans. Many thought that the twelve gold spots on a monarch pupa were just ornamental. But Dr Urquhart didn’t believe it. Richard built a device that showed that the spots were producing a very important hormone. That hormone was necessary for the butterfly’s full development.
This project won Ebright first place in the county fair and an entry into the International Science and Engineering Fair.
Q43. What lesson did Richard Ebright learn when he didn’t win anything at the County Science Fair?
Ans. Richard Ebright was in the seventh grade when he sent his first project in the County Science Fair. Everybody else had won something. But he returned empty-handed. It was really a sad experience for him. But his loss taught him an important lesson in life. He realised that to be a winner he would have to do real experiments. His project of merely showing slides of frog tissues under a microscope didn’t click. He should have done real experiments and that is what real science is all about.
Q44. How did Richard Ebright grow cells from a monarch butterfly’s wing? What did that project win for Ebright?
Ans. Richard Ebright continued his journey farther. He grew cells from a monarch’s wing in a culture. He showed that cells could divide and develop into normal butterfly wing scales. They must be fed from the hormone received from the gold spots. This project won first place of zoology at the International Fair.
Q45. How and where did Richard Ebright identify the hormone’s chemical structure?
Ans. After his freshman year at Harvard University, Ebright went back to the laboratory of the Department of Agriculture. He did more work on the hormones of the gold spots. Using sophisticated instruments there, he was able to identify the hormone’s chemical structure.
Q46. How did Richard Ebright give an answer to one of the biology’s puzzles—how the cell can read the blueprint of its DNA?
Ans. When Richard Ebright saw X-ray photos of the chemical structure of a hormone, he didn’t cry, “Eureka!” He didn’t even say, “I’ve got it!” He was sure that the photos gave him the answer to one of biology’s puzzles. He had found out how the cell could read the blueprint of its DNA. DNA is the substance in the nucleus of a cell that controls heredity. It is the blueprint for life.
Q47.Richard Ebright was a famous scientist but he had time for other interests too. What were the other interests and hobbies of Ebright?
Ans. Richard Ebright’s journey as a scientist started since he first began collecting butterflies. However, he found time for other interests and hobbies too. He became a champion debater and public speaker. He was a good canoeist. He was also an expert photographer. He excelled in photographing nature and scientific exhibits.
Q48.Why did Richard Ebright admire his teacher Richard A Weiherer?
Ans. Richard Ebright had great respect and admiration for his Social Studies teacher. He was Richard’s adviser to the Debating and Model United Nations Clubs. Richard A Weiherer was the perfect person for Ebright who opened his minds to new ideas.
Q49.What was Richard A Weiher’s opinion of his student Richard, Ebright?
Or
How did Richard A Weiherer, the Social Studies teacher of Ebright, judge him?
Ans. Mr Richard A Weiherer was Ebright’s Social Studies teacher and adviser. Richard A. Weiherer described Ebright a man of varied interests. Ebright put in 3 to 4 hours at night doing debate research. Besides, he was doing all his research with butterflies and his other interests. Ebright was competitive and wanted to be the best.
Q50.Did Richard Ebright have all the ingredients that are necessary for the making of a scientist? Give a reasoned answer.
Or
Assess Richard Ebright as a scientist.
Ans. Fortunately, Richard Ebright had all the essential ingredients that are necessary for the making of a great scientist. He had a first-rate mind and always got first grades in schools. At Harvard, he was second in his class of 1510. He had the curiosity of knowing ‘why’ and ‘how’ of things. Last but not least, he was competitive and wanted to be the best. He had the will to win for the right reasons.
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