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Albert Einstein : The Greatest Scientist of All Time
Albert Einstein was a famous scientist, physicist and genius. Born on 14 March 1879 in Ulm, Wurttemberg, Germany, Albert Einstein grew up in a secular, middle-class Jewish family. His father, Hermann Einstein, was a salesman and engineer. His mother, the former Pauline Koch, ran the family household. Einstein had one sister, Maja, born two years after his birth.
Einstein was not a genius since birth. In fact, he started to speak only after he was about two years old. He did not have many friends. However, the young Albert displayed an early interest in science, but he was unhappy with the principles of obedience and conformity that governed his Catholic elementary school. After that, Einstein attended elementary school at the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich.
Playing the violin was one of his comforts, a habit that followed him into adulthood as well. In 1894, Hermann Einstein’s company failed to get an important contract to electrify the city of Munich and he was forced to move his family to Milan, Italy. Albert was left at a relative’s boarding house in Munich to finish his education at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Albert allegedly withdrew from school, using a doctor’s note to excuse himself and claimed nervous exhaustion, making his way to Milan to join his parents.
Einstein was able to apply directly to the Eidgenossische Polytechnische Schule (Swiss Federal Polytechnic School) in Zurich, Switzerland. Lacking the equivalent of a high school diploma, he failed much of the entrance exam but got exceptional marks in mathematics and physics. Because of this, he was admitted to the school provided he completed his formal schooling first. He went to a special high school run by Jost Winteler in Aarau, Switzerland and graduated in 1896 at age 17.
Though only 17, he enrolled in the four-year mathematics and physics teaching diploma programme at the Zurich Polytechnic. Einstein’s future wife, Mileva Maric, also enrolled at the
Polytechnic that same year. After this, there was a slump in his life and he faced many hard situations. Things improved after 190z, when the father of his lifelong friend, Marcel Grossman, recommended him for a position as a clerk in the Swiss patent office in Bern, Switzerland.
The year 1905 has been termed Einstein’s annus mirabilis or miracle year because it was in this year that the scientist published three of his most important papers and completed most of the work for his doctoral degree, which he received in 1906. Einstein’s papers dealt with quantum theory, Brownian motion and special relativity theory E = mc2. In subsequent years, he expanded his theory of special relativity to account for accelerating frames of reference, so that he could then theorize that the laws of physics (including both mechanics and electrodynamics) are the same for all observers in all frames of reference.
This theory, known as general relativity, was fully formulated by 1915. In 1919, scientists verified general relativity through measurements taken during a solar eclipse and Einstein was catapulted into a position of international prominence. However, while his relativity theory won him popular fame, it was his contributions to quantum theory that won Einstein a Nobel Prize in 1920. Einstein immigrated to the United States in the autumn of 1933 and took up residence in Princeton, New Jersey and a professorship at the prestigious Institute for Advanced Study.
Einstein was taken aback when he heard the destruction that had been caused by the nuclear bombings in Japan by the United States. Actually, after learning that the Nazi powers were trying to get hold of nuclear weapons, he wrote a letter to President Roosevelt in 1939, in which he urged him to accelerate the nation’s nuclear weaponry development.
However, Einstein never advocated the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan and worked until his death in 1955 in a campaign for international peace and nuclear disarmament. As an individual passionate in his convictions and outspoken in his politics, Einstein transformed the image of the scientist in the zoth century. It comes as no surprise, therefore, that TIME Magazine selected Albert Einstein as Person of the Century,’ hailing him as “genius, political refugee, humanitarian, the locksmith of I he mysteries of the atom and the universe?
