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CV Raman :The Gem of Indian Science
Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman or better known as CV Raman was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. He was a man of boundless curiosity and a lively sense of humour. His spirit of inquiry and devotion to science laid the foundations for scientific research in India, and he won honour as a scientist and affection as a teacher and a man. He was the second child of Chandrashekhar Iyer and Parvathi Amma. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics, so he had an academic atmosphere at home.
After doing his matriculation at 12, he was supposed to go abroad for higher studies, but after medical examination, a British surgeon suggested against it. Raman instead, attended Presidency College, Madras.
After completing his graduation in 1904; winning the first place and the gold medal in physics, and completing M.Sc. in Physics in 1907, Raman put through various significant researches in the field of physics.
The works of the German scientist Helmholtz (1821 – 1891) and the English scientist Lord Raleigh (1842 – 1919) on acoustics (the study of sound) influenced Raman. He took an immense interest in the study of sound. When he was 18 years of age, one of his research papers was published in the ‘Philosophical Magazine’ of England. Later, another paper was published in the scientific journal ‘Nature’.
During those times, there were not many opportunities for scientists in India. Therefore, Raman joined the Indian Finance Department in 1907. After his office hours, he carried out his experimental research in the laboratory of the ‘Indian Association for the ‘Cultivation of Science’ in Calcutta.
He carried out research in acoustics and optics. In 1917, Raman was offered the position of Sir Taraknath Patil Professorship of Physics at Calcutta University. He stayed thee. Hr in the next fifteen years. During his tenure there, he received worldwide recognition for his work in optics and seal hiring of light.
He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1924 and the British made him a knight of the British Empire in 1929. In 1930, Sir CV Raman was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on scattering of light. The discovery was later named after him as the ‘Raman Effect’.
The Raman Effect is considered very significant in analysing the molecular structure of chemical compounds. After a decade of its discovery, the structure of about woo compounds was studied. Thanks to the invention of the laser; the Raman Effect has proved to be a. a very useful tool for scientists in various fields.
He was also a patriot at heart, which is represented in his memoir of the time when he received the Nobel award, “When the Nobel award was announced I saw it as a personal triumph, an achievement for me and my collaborators – a recognition for a very remarkable discovery, for reaching the goal I had pursued for 7 years. But when I sat in that crowded hall and I saw the sea of Western faces surrounding me, and I, the only Indian, in my turban and closed coat, it dawned on me that I was really representing my people and my country.
I felt truly humbled when I received the Prize from King Gustav; it was a moment of great emotion but I could restrain myself. Then I turned around and saw the British Union Jack under which I had been sitting and it was then that I realised that my poor country, India, did not even have a flag of her own, and it was this that triggered off my complete breakdown.”
C V Raman became the Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1924. A year later, he set up Raman Research Institute near Bangalore, where he continued the scientific research until his death which was caused by a strong heart attack on 2,1 November 1970. His sincere advice to aspiring scientists was in his words: “Scientific research needed independent thinking and hard work, not equipment.”
