Complete NCERT Book Page wise Solution Class 10th as per Latest CBSE Syllabus
Geography
Chapter-7 Lifelines of National Economy
The following page provides you NCERT book solutions for Class 10 social science, social science Class 10 notes in pdf are also available in the related links between the texts.
Long Answers:-
1.”Efficient and fast means of transport and communication converted the world into a large village.” Justify the statement with examples.
Or
Explain any four reasons why a dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for trade of today.
Or
`Transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other’. Explain with four examples.
Or
“Transport and trade are complementary to each other.” Justify the statement.
Ans. (1) Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
(2) Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.
(3) Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
(4) Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality.
(5) Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc. have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.
(6) The trade from local to international level have added to the vitality of its economy.
(7) It has enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.
2.How does transport play an important role in the economic development of a country? Explain with examples.
Or
Why the means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of national economy? Give any four reasons to support your answer.
Or
“Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy.” Support this statement with four examples.
Or
How do modern means of transport serve as lifelines of our nation? Explain.
Ans. Means of transport and communication are called lifelines of national economy because
(1) They bring far-flung areas of a country quite closer to each other.
(2) They carry the greatest number of passengers to longest journey in lesser time with more comforts-,
(3) They carry thousands of tones of different commodities from one part of the country to the other and thus, avoid many hardships of the people.
(4) In war times, they bring the whole country at the back of the armed forces and facilitate the movement of arms, ammunition and other supplies. 13Dinlij
(5) Means of transport and communication are also used by the government to maintain law and order.
3.Elaborate the need of efficient means of transport for fast development for the country.
Ans. (1) Efficient means of transport enhance the fast development for the country.
(2) All means of transport contribute to socio-economic progress of the country.
(3) It supports national integration.
(4) Means of transport carry people, goods, and raw materials from one place to another throughout the country
(5) They are very helpful in providing immediate relief during the disaster and war.
4.Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country ? Explain.
Or
“Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for the fast development.” Express your views in favor of this statement.
Ans. (1) Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of the India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
(2) Goods and services do not move from supply location to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
(3) Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
(4) Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.
(5) Means of transport and communication are used by the government to maintain law and order.
5.Give the importance of means of transport in modern times.
Ans. (1) Movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
(2) Daily laths of people move from their homes to their working place with the help of means of transport.
(3) Transport helps in assembling of raw materials and distribution of goods, thus contributing in the development of industries.
(4) It promotes internal as well as international trade.
(5) It helps to maintain the defense of the country.
ROADWAYS
Very Short Answers:-
1.Describe any two features of National Highway 7.
Ans. (1) National Highway No. 7 is the longest highway of India.
(2) It connects Varanasi and Kanyakumari.
2.Describe any one feature of National Highway No.15.
Ans. National Highway No.15 covers most part of Rajasthan.
3.Describe any one feature of Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway.
Ans. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway is a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane super highways.
4.Which organization looks after the National Highways of India?
Ans. Central Public Works Department (CPWD) looks after the National Highways of India.
5.What is the most important mode of transportation in India?
Ans. Railways are the most important mode of transportation in India.
6.Which organization looks after the State Highways of India?
Ans. State Public Works Department (PWD) looks after the State Highways of India.
7.Describe any two features of District Roads.
Ans. (1) District roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.
(2) These roads are maintained by the Zola Paris had.
8.What is the extent of North-South Corridor of India?
Ans. Srinagar and Kanyakumari
9.Which cities are connected by the National Highway No.1?
Ans. Delhi – Amritsar
10.Which type of roads are being constructed and maintained by National Highway Authority of India?
Ans. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
11.Which cities are connected by the NH-8?
Ans. Delhi-Mumbai
Short Answers:-
1.Mention any three differences between metal led and unhealed roads.
Metal led Roads –(1) Metal led roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal.
(2) These roads are stronger and better for traffic.
(3) These are all weather roads.
Unhealed Roads– (1) Unhealed roads may be made of soil, mud, bricks, etc.
(2) Traffic cannot move smoothly or fast on these roads.
(3) These roads go out of use in the rainy season.
2.Classify the roads in India on the basis of the type of material used for their construction.
Ans. Roads can be classified on the basis of the type of material used for their construction such a metal led and unhealed roads:
(1) Metal led roads may be made of cement, concrete and coal. These are all weather roads.
(2) Unhealed roads may be made of soil, mud, bricks, etc. Such roads are difficult to use in the rainy season.
3.Describe the rural roads in India.
Or
What are rural roads? Mention any two features of these roads.
Ans. (1) Roads which link rural areas and villages with towns are classified as rural roads.
(2) (i) These roads receive special impetus under the Prada Mantra Graeme Sadat Yolanda.
(ii) Special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motor able road.
4.What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? Mention any two objectives of this project. The North-South and East-West Corridors join which terminal cities?
Or
Explain any three main objectives of Super Highways in India. Delhi-Kolkata, Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six lane super highways.
Ans. (1) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is a major road development
(2) Two Objectives: (i) To meet the requirements of fast movement of traffic.
(ii) To reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.
(3) North-South Corridor connects Srinagar (J&K) to Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East-West Corridor connects Slicer (Assam) to Porbandar (Gujarat).
Long Answers:-
1.Describe any three types of roads in India which are constructed and maintained by the different organizations of state and national levels.
Ans. Three types of roads in India are as follows:
(1) District Roads : These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by the Zola Paris had.
(2) Other Roads : Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns are classified under this category. These roads received special impetus under the Prada Mantra Graeme Sadat Yolanda. These roads are maintained by state level agencies.
(3) Border Roads : These roads are of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas. These roads improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas. Border Roads Organization, a Government of India undertaking constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country:
2.What is the importance of road transportation in India? How are National Highways different from the State Highways? Explain three points of distinction.
Or
Distinguish between ‘National Highways’ and ‘State Highways’ of India.
Ans. (1) Importance of road transportation in India is as follows:
(i)Road transport is economical in transportation of a few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
(ii) It provides door-to-door accessibility. The cost of loading and unloading is much cheaper than the railways.
(iii) Road transport can be used as feeder to other modes of transport as they provide link between the railway stations, air and sea ports.
(2) Difference between National Highways and State Highways are as under:
(i) National Highways link extreme parts of the country whereas State Highways link a state capital with different district headquarters.
(ii) The National Highways are maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) while the State Highways are constructed and maintained by the state Public Works Department (PWD) in state and Union Territories.
(iii) National Highways connect various regions of one state to the other, like capital of one state to other state capital whereas State Highways connect various regions within the state.
(iv) National highways serve as main roads to the country whereas State Highways serve as feeders to the National Highways.
3.Describe about the National Highways in India in three points.
Ans. (1) National Highways are constructed and maintained by the Central Public Work Department (CPWD).
(2) The total length of the National Highways is 70,548 km.
(3) The historical Sheer Shah Sure Margi (G.T. Road) is called National Highway no. 1 which connects between Delhi and Amritsar.
(4) National Highways are connecting National Capital with other state capitals.
(5) National Highway no. 7 is the longest which connects Varanasi to Kanyakumari.
4.Why is the distribution of roads not uniform in India? Explain with examples.
Or
Why is the pattern of road distribution uneven in India? Explain any three reasons.
Ans. For the following reasons, pattern of road distribution is uneven in India:
(1) Density of all roads varies from 10.04 km in Jammu and Kashmir to 532.27 km in Uttar Pradesh (2007-08), with the national average of 125.02 km (2007-08).
(2) About half of the roads are unhealed and cannot be used during the rainy season
(3) The national highways are also inadequate.
(4) Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
(5) Nature of terrain and the level of economic development are the main determinants of density of roads.
(6) Construction of roads is easy and cheaper in the plain areas while it is difficult and costly in hilly and plateau areas.
5.Analyze any five problems of Indian road transportation.
Or
Describe any five major problems faced by the road transportation in India.
Or
State any three problems faced by the road transport system in India.
Ans. Problems faced by the road transportation in India are as follows :
(1) Road network is inadequate.
(2) About half of the roads are unhealed and this limits their usage during the rainy season.
(3) The National Highways are inadequate too.
(4) The highways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
(5) The maintenance of roads are poor.
(6) Road side amenities like emergency help services, police protection and communication are not sufficient and approachable.
(7) Roads are generally associated with traffic jams.
(8) Journey by roads is not comfortable and prone to various accidents.
6.Describe the features of Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways of India in five points.
Or
Describe any three features of the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways of India length of Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways of India is 5,846 km
Ans. (1) The total with 6 lanes.
(2) These Highways reduce the time and distance between metropolitan cities of India.
(3) These Highways are being maintained by National Highway Authority of India.
(4) These Highways are very useful to improve internal trade of India.
(5) The quality of these roads are very good.
(6) Construction of these roads involves huge investments.
7.Describe the significant role played by different kinds of roads in India.
Or
Classify the roads according to their capacity and describe the role of each.
Or
Classify the roads of India, according to their capacity.
Ans. According to their capacity roads are classified into six classes:
(1) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six lane super highways. The North-South Corridors linking Srinagar and Kanyakumari, and East-West corridor connecting Slicer and Coriander are part of this project. The major objective of these Super highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.
(2) National Highways : These highways link extreme parts of the country. These are the e Primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works “apartment (CPWD).
(3) State Highways : Roads linking a state capital with different district head quarters are known as State Highways.
(4) District roads : These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.
(5) Other roads : Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns are classified under this category.
(6) Border roads : These roads are of strategic importance in the northern and north. eastern border areas. These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas.
8.Describe the significance of the ‘Border Roads’.
Or
What are Border Roads? Describe their significance.
Ans. (1) The Border Roads organization, a Government of India undertaking, constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country.
(2) These roads are of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.
(3) These roads improve accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and high altitude such as Manila to Lehn.
(4) It helps in the economic development of these areas.
(5) These roads are strengthening our defense system in the border areas.
9.What is meant by road density? Describe any four advantages roadways have over railways.
Or
Explain four reasons to justify as to why roadways are a better mode of transportation railways.
Or
How do roadways have an edge over the railways? Explain with five facts.
Or
Analyze the advantages of roadways over the railways.
Ans. (1) The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known as density of the road.
Advantages of roadways over railways :
(i) Construction cost of roadways is lower than that of railway lines.
(ii) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
(iii) It can negotiate higher gradients of slopes.
(iv) It is economical in transportation of a few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
(v) It provides door-to-door accessibility.
(vi) Here, the cost of loading and unloading is much cheaper than the railways.
(vii) Road transport can be used as feeder to other modes of transport as they provide link between the railway stations, air and sea ports.
ROAD DENSITY
Very Short Answers:-
1.Which extreme locations are connected by the East-West Corridor ?
Ans. Slicer and Porbandar
Long Answers:-
1.The density and the quality of roads are better in the northern plains than in other parts of India.’ Elaborate.
Ans. The density and quality of roads are better in the northern plains than other parts of India because :
(1) Due to level land and soft rocks construction is cheaper and easier.
(2) It is the most densely populated region and agriculturally and industrially developed where development of transport is necessary.
(3) The extreme north, north-eastern and north-western parts and the interior part of Deccan have rugged, sandy and uneven terrain.
(4) In the north-eastern India construction of roads is comparatively difficult and costly.
(5) The regions having rugged topography are sparsely populated and agriculturally less developed therefore, the network of roads is less.
RAILWAYS
Very Short Answers:-
1.Which mode of transport is the most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods?
Ans. Railways
2.Which is the most important modes of transportation in India ?
Ans. Railways
Long Answers:-
1.Explain any five unfavorable areas of India where lying of railway tracks has been influenced by physiographic and economic factors.
Ans. The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic and economic factors in the following ways:
(1) The northern plains with their vast level lands, high population density and rich agricultural resources provide the most favorable condition for their expansion.
(2) A large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed mime obstacles.
(3) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gape or tunnels, etc.
(4) The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavorable for the construction of railway lines.
(5) Sandy plains of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat are also unfavorable to lay railway line.
(6) Development of the industry and agriculture bind the economic life of the people.
2.Highlight any three advantages of computer reservation in railways.
Ans. (1) Computerized Railway Reservation System has become convenient and easy for the passengers.
(2) It minimizes the time and money.
(3) It controls on corruptions and tousle.
(4) Railway reservation system has improved.
3.Suggest any three ways to reduce the burden on Indian Railways.
Ans. (1) There should develop more and more other means of transport like road, waterways, etc.
(2)’ We should reduce the cost of road transport for carrying passengers and goods.
(3) We should promote pipeline transportation for petroleum and natural gas transportation.
4.Elaborate any three advantages of railways in India.
Or
Explain in three points the growing importance of railways over roadways.
Ans. Railways are the most important mode of transport in India.
(1) Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India, as they link different parts of the country.
(2) They carry huge loads and bulky goods to long distances.
(3) Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sight-seeing, pilgrimage along with goods transportation over longer distances.
(4) Railways have been a great integrating force for the nation, for more than 150 years now.
(5) They have been helpful in binding the economic life of the country and cultural fusion.
(6) They have accelerated the development of the industry and agriculture.
5.”Indian Railways binds the economic life of the country as well as accelerates the development of industry and agriculture.” Justify the statement.
Ans. (1) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.
(2) The Indian railways have a network of 7,133 stations spread over a route length of 64,460 km.
(3) Indian railways transport more than 5,000 laky tones every year i.e., about 80% of the total goods transportation.
(4) It is the best means for transporting raw materials and carry the product in different parts of the country.
(5) The Indian railways is the largest public sector undertaking in the country.
6.Explain any four major problems faced by Indian Railways.
Ans. Railway is the principal mode of transportation for passengers, goods, etc. problems faced by Indian railways are as follows:
(1) Many passengers travel without tickets.
(2) There is damaging of railway property by miscreants.
(3) People stop the trains and pull chains unnecessarily.
(4) It is deficient to cope up with over population.
PIPELINES
Very Short Answers:-
1.Mention any one use of pipelines as a means of transport.
Ans. It is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas.
2.Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays in the supply of petroleum and gases?
Ans. Pipelines
Short Answers:-
1.Which is the longest gas pipeline in India? Write any two features of it.
Or
Highlight any five features of Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur gas pipeline.
Ans. (1) Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur is the longest gas pipeline in India.
(2) This pipeline from Hahira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh.
(3) It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Barbara and other places in Uttar Pradesh.
(4) The far inland locations of refineries and gas based fertilizer plants are brought together through this pipeline.
(5) It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.
Long Answers:-
1.Explain the role of pipelines in the economic development of India.
Ans. (1) Pipelines transportation are the most convenient and efficient mode of transporting liquids and gases in large quantities over long distances.
(2) It is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas.
(3) Solids can also be transported through pipelines when converted into slurry.
(4) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running cost are minimal.
(5) The far inland location of refineries like Bahraini, Mathura and Pan pat and gas based fertilizer plants could be set-up due to pipeline transportation.
(6) Hahira — Vijaipur — Jagdishpur is the longest pipeline transportation of India.
(7) They can be laid through difficult terrain as well as under water.
(8) They are free from environmental pollution.
2.Describe the three important networks of pipeline transport in India.
Or
Elaborate any two important networks of pipeline transportation in India along with their branches.
Ans. Three important network of pipeline transportation in India are.
(1)From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur, via Guwahati, Bahraini and Allahabad. It has branches from Bahraini to Halide via Armband, Armband to Microgram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
(2)From Malaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Virago, Mathura, Delhi and Sonia. It has branches to connect Koala (in Gujarat) Charkha and other places.
(3) From Hahira in. Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Barbara and other places in Uttar Pradesh.
3.”Pipeline transport network is on the increase these days.” Give five arguments in favor of this statement.
Ans. (1) There is increase in automobile sector rapidly.
(2) There is increasing use of cooking gas in the houses.
(3) The use of CNG in large quantity in the vehicles is running in metropolitan cities.
(4) It is most convenient and efficient mode of transport for liquids and gas over long distances.
(5) It reduces environmental hazards.
(6) The cost of pipeline transportation is cheaper than rail/road transportation.
(7) They can be laid through difficult terrain as well as under water involving very low energy consumption.
4.Name the gas pipeline which is known as the artery of Indian gas transportation. Mention the two key users of natural gas.
Ans. (1) Hazira-Vijapur-Jagdishpur gas pipeline is known as the artery of Indian gas transportation.
(2) The 1700 km long Hazira-Vijapur-Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassinet with fertilizer, power and industrial Complexes in western and northern India.
(3) This artery has provided an impetus to India’s gas production.
(4) The power and fertilizer industries are the key users of natural gas.
WATERWAYS
Very Short Answers:-
1.National Waterway No.1 is navigable between which places?
Ans. Between Allahabad and Halide
2.Why was Halide sea-port set up?
Ans. Halide port was developed as a subsidiary port, in order to relieve growing pressure on the Kolkata port.
Long Answers:-
1.Describe the importance of water transport in India.
Or
Explain any five reasons suitable for the use of waterways in preference to airways.
Or
Describe any three features of waterways in India.
Ans. Importance of water transport in India:
(1) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(2) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(3) It is a fuel efficient.
(4) It is environment-friendly mode of transport.
(5) India has a vast inland navigation waterways of 14,500 km in length.
(6) They are natural routes, hence do not involve cost of construction.
2.Name any three waterways which have been declared as National Waterways by the government. State any two advantages of waterways as a means of transport.
Ans. (1) Three waterways which have been declared as National Waterways by the government are as under :
(i)The Gang river between Allahabad and Halide (1620 km) N.W. No. 1.
(ii) The Brahmaputra river between Sadly and Dhobi (891 km) N.W. No. 2.
(iii) The West-Coast Canal in Kerala ( Kottapurma-Kollam, Udyogamandal and charripakkara canals 205 km) N.W. No. 3.
(2) Two advantages of waterways are as follows :
(i) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(ii) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
MAJOR SEAPORTS
Very Short Answers:-
1.Which is the deepest, land-locked and well-protected port of India?
Ans. Vishakhapatnam
2.Which port is the biggest with a spacious natural and well-sheltered harbor?
Ans. Mumbai
3.Which port is an inland reverie port?
Ans. Kolkata
4.Which is tidal port in India?
Ans. Kendal
5.Which is subsidiary port in order to relieve the growing pressure on the Kolkata port?
Ans. Halide
6.Which is the subsidiary port of Mumbai?
Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru Port
7.Which port is located in the state of Tamil Nadu?
Ans. Tuticorin
8.Which sea port is the first port developed soon after Indian Independence?
Ans. Kendal
Short Answers:-
1.Name the six major seaports located on the west coast of India.
Ans. Major seaports located on the west coast of India are:
(1) Kendal port (2) Mumbai port
(3) Jawaharlal Nehru port (4) Maragos port
(5) New Mangalore port (6) Koch chi port
2.Name any six major seaports located on the east coast of India.
Ans. Major Seaports on the east coast of India are:
(1) Kolkata (2) Halide
(3) Paradwip (4) Vishakhapatnam
(5) Chennai (6) Tuticorin
AIRWAYS
Very Short Answers:-
1.Which air services provides services to Oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off-shore operations?
Ans. Piranhas Helicopters LTD.
2.Name an international airport of West Bengal.
Ans. Neeta Sub hash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata.
3.Name a major seaport which is also an international airport in the Southern part of India.
Ans. Chennai
Long Answers:-
1.Explain why is air transport preferred in north-eastern states of India?
Or
Why is air transport an important means of transport in the north-eastern part of our country? Explain any four reasons.
Ans. Air transport is considered an important means of transport in the north-eastern part of our country because :
(1) Big rivers : Because of the presence of big rivers like Brahmaputra, it is difficult to construct roads and railway lines. Moreover, rivers are often flooded. Therefore, airways are suitable.
(2) Dissected relief : Uneven surface is not suitable for the construction of roadways. Laying down railway lines is a costly affair. Such areas can be easily travelled by airways.
(3) Dense forests : Dense forests hamper the construction of roadways and railways.
(4) International frontiers : International borders of Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, etc. can be easily travelled by airways without much hustle.
2.Why is the air transport more useful now-a-days? Write five reasons.
Or
Highlight any five reasons suitable for the use of airways in preference to waterways.
Ans. The air transport is more useful now-a-days because:
(1) The air travel today, is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
(2) It can cover very difficult terrain like high mountains, deserts, dense forests and long oceanic stretches with great ease.
(3) The air travel has made access easier.
(4) It helps oil and natural gas companies in their offshore operations.
(5) It is also very useful for the rescue operations during natural and human-made calamities like floods, earthquakes, famines, epidemics and war.
COMMUNICATION
Very Short Answers:-
1.Which facility allow us to share information through e-mails and voice-mails?
Ans. Internet
2.Which is considered as the First Class Mail by the Indian postal network?
Ans. Cards and envelopes
3.Which mode is used to send immediate electronic post?
Ans. Internet
Long Answers:-
1.What is mass communication? What are the different means of mass communication? What is the significance of mass communication in a country like India?
Ans. (1) Mass communication: These are the means of communication like electron media which can communicate large number of people at the same time.
(2) Different means of communication: Radio, television, films, internet, newspapers’ magazines.
(3) Significance of mass communication:
(i) It covers more than 95% of India’s total population.
(ii) It is a source of education and entertainment.
(iii) It is most instant source of mass information. vet’
(iv) It brings all classes of people together. ;r
2.Describe the measures taken for the quick delivery of mails in cities and large towns.
Ans. ‘lb facilitate quick delivery of mails in cities and large towns, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are as under:
(1) Rajdhani Channel (2) Metro Channel
(3) Green Channel (4) Business Channel
(5) Bulk Mail Channel (6) Periodical Channel
3.How is Doordarshan one of the largest terrestrial networks in the world? Explain.
Or
How has India one of the largest terrestrial networks of Doordarshan in the world? Explain.
Ans. (1) Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmed from entertainment to agricultural, educational to sports, etc. for people of different age groups.
(2) It is the most effective audio-visual medium for the mass communication.
(3) It began in 1959 in India.
(4) It extended to the backward and remote rural areas.
(5) It creates a lot of awareness among the people during the disasters and about movements, and current affairs.
4.How do means of transport and communication play an important role in the economic development of the country? Explain.
Or
Why the means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
Or
Why the means of transport and communication are called the lifeline of a country? Give five points.
Ans. (1) India has one of the largest transport and communication systems.
(2) All the means of transport and communication play a vital role in the economic development for a country
(3) Efficient means of transport and communication are a pre-requisite for the fast development.
(4) Modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation and modern economy.
(5) Transport and communication bring all parts of country closer.
(6) All the means of transport and communications are helpful in agriculture and industrial Production.
(7) They support to balance the regional development of the country.
(8) They also provide employment to large number of persons.
5.Describe the nature and role of feature-films in India.
Ans. (1) India is the largest producer of feature-films in the world.
(2) It produces short films, video feature-films and video short films.
(3) The Central Board of Film Certification is the authority to certify both Indian and foreign films.
(4) It is one of the mass communications that provides entertainment, education and creates awareness among the people.
(5)The feature-film influences the life effectively.
(6) Most of the feature-films have been made on the topics of our nationality, culture and Patriotism to bind and bring the people together.
6.Explain with examples the significance of ‘communications’.
Or
Describe any five points of importance of mass communication.
Or
Write any three importances of means of mass communication.
Or
Explain the importance of mass communication in India with examples.
Ans. Significance of communication:
(1) India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. In order to strengthen the flow of information from the grassroots to the higher level, the government has made special provision to extend twenty-four hours STD facility to every village in the country.
(2) All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of programmed in national, regional and local languages, for various categories of people spread over different parts of the country.
(3) Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmed from entertainment, educational sports, etc. for people of different age groups.
(4) India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually.
(5) India is the largest producer of feature-films in the world. It produces short films, video feature films and video short films.
(6) Mass media help in promoting and creating awareness among the masses about the various programmed and policies of the government.
7.What is the difference between personal communication and mass communication? State any two points of importance of mass communication.
Or
Distinguish between means of personal communication and mass communication.
Ans. (1) (i) Personal communication: Communication between two or more persons at personal level.
(ii) Mass communication: Communication through which one can communicate with several people at the same time.
(2)Importance of mass communication: (i) Mass communication creates awareness among people about various national programmed and policies.
(ii)It provides entertainment to the people. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Very Short Answers:-
1.Which is considered as the economic barometer of a country?
Ans. International trade by the country
2.Which terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries?
Ans. International trade
Long Answers:-
1.Explain the ways in which the balance of trade affects the economy of a country.
Ans. The balance of trade affects the economy of a country in the following ways :
(i) When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is a favorable balance of trade for a country.
(ii) If the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is unfavorable balance of trade for a nation.
(iii) Export and import are the components of trade. Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity.
2.Distinguish among trade, local trade and international trade.
Or
Distinguish between local trade and international trade.
Ans. Trade: The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade. The market is the place where such exchanges take place.
Local Trade: Local trade is carried in cities, towns and villages. It is done mainly through land routes.
International Trade: Trade between two countries is called international trade. It may take place through sea, air or land routes. Exports and imports are the two components of this trade.
3.Explain the balance of trade of India with respect to the commodities exported to and imported from India.
Ans. (1) Exports and imports are the components of international trade.
(2) The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its export and import.
(3) When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favorable balance of trade.
(4) If the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is called unfavorable balance of trade.
(5) India has unfavorable balance of foreign trade. India’s imports are higher than that of her exports.
4.”Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its prosperity.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
Or
“Advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic prosperity.” Justify the statement with five arguments.
Ans. (1)As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade.
(2)Goods or resources possessed by one country are required by other and vice versa. These differences create conditions for international trade.
(3) Foreign trade has helped India to improve its productivity of manufactured goods International trade contributes to India’s economic growth, raising income levels of people.
(4) In the recent years, exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
(5) India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology
5.Explain with examples the changing nature of international trade of India in the last fifteen years.
Or
What is meant by balance of trade? How has international trade undergone a sea change in the last fifteen years ?
Ans. (1) The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its exports and imports. When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, it is called favorable balance of trade. Otherwise, balance of trade is unfavorable.
(2)(i) Till 2010-11 the share of agriculture and allied products, ores and minerals, chemical and allied products and engineering goods has been incising.
(ii) Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
(iii) India has emerged as a software giant at the international level.
(iv) India is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
6.What is meant by international trade? State any three features of India’s international trade
Ans. (1) Trade between two countries is called international trade.
Features of India’s international trade :
(i) It may take place by sea, air and land routes.
(ii) Advancement of international trade is an index to economic prosperity.
(iii) As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade.
(iv) India has trade relations with all the major trading blocks and all geographical regions of the world.
(v) India exports agriculture and allied products, ores and minerals, gems and jeweler and chemical and allied products, engineering goods and petroleum products.
(vi) The commodities imported to India include petroleum and petroleum products, pearls and precious stones, inorganic chemicals, coal, coke and briquettes, machinery
(vii) India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
(viii) Petroleum and petroleum products are our main imports which are much higher than what we produce.
7 “No country can survive without international trade in the present global world.” Explain the statement an country are required by the other country and vice-versa. Hence, differences in resources,
Ans. (1) No country in the world is self-sufficient in all its needs. Goods produced by one rye needs and development among nations create conditions for international trade between them
(2) It helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries through foreign trade.
(3) Foreign trade has helped India to improve its productivity of manufactured goods.
(4) International trade has contributed to India’s economic growth, by raising income jive of people, and increasing the foreign exchange reserves.
(5) International trade helps India to import advanced technology of other countries W ye its own production.
(6) Thus, prosperity of a country depends on the advancement of the international trade and hence, is called the ‘economic barometer’ of a nation.
TOURISM AS A TRADE
Short Answers:-
1.Give reasons for which foreign tourists visit India.
Ans. Reasons for foreign tourists visit in India:
(1) Heritage tourism (2) Eco-tourism
(3) Adventure tourism (4) Cultural tourism
(5) Medical tourism (6) Business tourism
2.Describe the industries of service sector which are benefitted by tourism.
Ans. (1) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry
(2) It promotes national integration.
(3) It provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(4) It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
(5) India earns a big amount of foreign exchange through tourism.
(6) It gives employment to about 1.5 cores people in India.
3.As an industry, how has tourism a bright future in India? Explain.
Or
Describe the importance of tourism as a trade.
Ans. (1) In India, tourism has grown substantially over the last three decades.
(2) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry
(3) It promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(4) It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
(5) Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
1.”The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. So, the modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation and its modern economy. Justify the statement.
Ans. (1) Today, the world is said to be a global village. This is because; it has come closer with the help of efficient and fast moving transport and equally developed communication system.
(2) The means of transportation and communication bring far-flung areas of a country Suite closer to each other and carry the greatest number of passengers to longest journey in lesser time with more comforts.
(3) Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand location on their ’57 The means of transportation carry thousands of tones of different commodities from Ile Part of the country to the other and thus avoid much hardships of the people.
(4) Hidey India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and thaguisti and social cultural plurality due to advanced transport and communication system.
(5) In war times, they facilitate the movements of arms, ammunition and other supplies are also used by the government to maintain law and order in daily life.
2.Why do we need rules? What are rail and road safety rules and their importance in our life?
Ans. (1) Rules are a set of conditions or standards which have been agreed upon or followed by a number of people for developing his society, nation and humanity. Most social interactions are directed and co-ordinate by rules that the participants know and follow. If rules do not exist or breakdown, disorder follows.
(2) Road and Rail Safety Rules:
(i) Walk on footpaths.
(ii) Use Zebra crossing, foot over bridge and subways to cross the roads.
(iii) Cross the road when the vehicles are at a safe distance.
(iv) Do not cross the road from blind corners, turnings where you are not visible to vehicle drivers.
(v) Always wear helmet and seatbelt while driving or travelling as a co-passenger.
(vi) Give proper indication before you turn.
(vii) Slow down while approaching an intersection.
(viii) We should always follow traffic light signals and other rules.
(ix) We should cross carefully especially unmanned railway crossings.
(3) There are many advantages to follow rules. They are as under :
(i) It develops our personalities.
(ii) It co-ordinates individual actions in a social setting.
(iii) It protects ourselves from any mishappening.
(iv) It is useful in establishing a fair society.
