Class-10 Ch-1 Development Page wise NCERT Solution

Complete NCERT Book Page wise Solution Class 10th as per Latest CBSE Syllabus

Economics

Chapter-1 Development

The following page provides you NCERT book solutions for class 10 social science, social science class 10 notes in pdf are also available in the related links between the texts.

Question 1. Development of a country can generally be determined by

(i)its per capita income

 (ii)its average literacy level

 (ii)health status of its people

 (iv)all the above

 Answer : (iv) all the above

Question 2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?

(i)Bangladesh

 (ii)Sri Lanka

 (iii)Nepal

 (iv)Pakistan

 Answer : (ii) Sri Lanka

Question 3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?

(i)Rs 7500

(ii)Rs 3000

 (iii)Rs 2000

(iv)Rs 6000

 Answer : (iv) Rs 6000

Question 4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer : Per Capita Income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries. The limitation of this criterion are:

  • Per capita income is useful for comparison but it doesn’t show distribution of income.
  • It also ignores other factors such as infant mortality rate, literacy level, healthcare, etc.

Question 5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

 Answer : World bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive. As per HDI-2014, India’s rank is 135. On the other hand, the World Bank uses per capita income as the only criterion for measuring development and classifying the countries as rich and poor.

Question 6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

 Answer : We use averages because they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category.

For example, to compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are limitations to the use of averages. This does not show distribution of thing between people. For an example, suppose in a country, the annual income of a rickshaw puller is Rs 8,000 while an MNC employee earns an annual package of Rs 12,00,000. The average income of this country, therefore will be Rs 6,05,000. One can clearly consider this as a rich country thereby ignoring the income disparity between two individuals.

Question 7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Maharashtra. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.

 Answer : No, I do not agree with the statement that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Punjab because, human development ranking is determined using a combination of factors such as health, education, and income. So, this does not imply that per capita income is not useful. Rather, per capita income is one of the development factors and can not be neglected. The World Bank uses per capita income as the criterion for measuring development and comparing states. But this criterion has certain limitations because of which determination of Human Development Index (HDI) is done using this criterion along with some other development factors like health, education etc.

Question 8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?

 Answer : The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cowdung and solar energy. At present, consumption of energy in India is too high in comparison to its production and reserves. India’s known reserves of oil are expected to last about 30-40 years only. So therefore  other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and a better utilisation of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.

Question 9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

 Answer : Sustainable development means that the development at present should not hamper the needs of the future generation and it should take place without damaging the environment. The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in the future, those resources will not be available for further progress.Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific .Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.

Question 10. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.

 Answer : The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”. This statement is relevant to the discussion of development since both resources and development go hand in hand. For the sustainability of development, the maintenance of resources is also crucial. As the statement claims, the Earth has enough resources- renewable and non-renewable to satisfy everyone’s needs; however, these need to be used with a view to keep the environment protected. So that a balance of production and use is maintained, and shortages are avoided.

Question 11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.

 Answer : Few examples of environmental degradation:

  • Deforestation Soil erosion
  • Falling levels of ground water
  • Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution
  • Water Pollution

Question 12. For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.

 Answer:

TABLE 1.6 SOME DATA REGARDING INDIA AND ITS NEIGHBOURS FOR 2004
 

 

Country

 

Per Capita Income in US$

Life Expectancy at birth  

Literacy Rate for 15+ yrs population

 

Gross Enrollment Ratio for three levels

 

HDI Rank in the world

Sri Lanka 4390 74 91 69 93
India 3139 64 61 60  

126

Myanmar 1027 61 90 48  

130

Pakistan 2225 63 50 35
134
Nepal 1490 62 50 61
                     
 

 

Bangladesh

 

 

1870

 

 

63

 

 

41

 

 

53

138
137

 (i)Per Capita Income in US$: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Myanmar

(ii)Life Expectancy at birth: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Myanmar

(iii)Literacy Rate for 15+ yrs population: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country –Bangladesh

(iv)Gross Enrollment Ratio for three levels: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Pakistan

(v)HDI Rank in the world: Top country – Sri Lanka; Bottom country – Nepal

Question 13. The following table shows the proportion of undernourished adults in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2001. Look at the table and answer the following questions. 

State Male (%) Female (%)
Kerala 22 19
Karnataka 36 38
Madhya Pradesh 43 42
All Sates 37 46

 (i)Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.

(ii)Can you guess why around 40 per cent of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued country? Describe in your own

Answer : (i) The nutritional level of people of Kerala is quite higher than the people – both males and females of Madhya Pradesh. Their ratio of the under-nourished is less than that of Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) There is enough food in the country, even then 40% of the people in the country are undernourished because:

  • A large number of people are so poor that they cannot afford nutritious food.
  • Inmost of the states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) does not function properly and the poor people cannot get cheap food items.
  • There is lack of educational and health facilities in many parts of the country. So many people remain backward and poor. As such, they are unable to get nutritious food.

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